Every dot is a city. Hover or tap one to read where its name is thought to come from, and use the legend to hide categories.
Names in the pink “unknown” group cluster in Iberia, southern France, the islands, and Greece, places settled before Indo-European languages arrived, so their names come from Iberian, Aquitanian, Ligurian, or pre-Greek substrates nobody can read. Classifications are judgment calls from the standard etymological literature; several disputed ones could reasonably slide either way.